Bakterier i livmodern?
Det sägs så olika ,skrivs så olika. Vissa påstår det finns bakterier i livmodern ,andra påstår att det är en steril miljö. Vad är egentligen sant?
Det sägs så olika ,skrivs så olika. Vissa påstår det finns bakterier i livmodern ,andra påstår att det är en steril miljö. Vad är egentligen sant?
Konsensus råder inte än. Diskussionen började på allvar 2015 och är inte över. Studier görs som stöder bägge sidor, vad jag läser, och det är ytterst kompetent folk som ligger bakom både idén att den är steril och tanken att barn får i sig svampar och mikrober i livmodern.
Konsensus råder inte än. Diskussionen började på allvar 2015 och är inte över. Studier görs som stöder bägge sidor, vad jag läser, och det är ytterst kompetent folk som ligger bakom både idén att den är steril och tanken att barn får i sig svampar och mikrober i livmodern.
Naturligtvis är det inte en steril miljö och naturligtvis finns en bakterieflora där.
Naturligtvis är det inte en steril miljö och naturligtvis finns en bakterieflora där.
Ok, för oss som är allmänbildade är det självklart. Jag vet inte var du får det där ifrån men det stämmer inte och har aldrig varit någon tvekan om heller.
"It has long been assumed that the human fetus is sterile. Over the last decade new data have emerged to challenge this dogma. However, these ideas are still controversial and there is disagreement amongst perinatal and microbiological researchers as to whether the human microbiome is seeded prior to birth. While numerous studies have reported the detection of bacterial (Mshvildadze et al., 2010; Gosalbes et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2013; Moles et al., 2013; Ardissone et al., 2014; Hansen et al., 2015; Chu et al., 2016, 2017; Collado et al., 2016; Nagpal et al., 2016; Urushiyama et al., 2017; Wampach et al., 2017; Lim et al., 2018; Shi et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018), archaeal (Wampach et al., 2017), fungal (Wampach et al., 2017), and viral (Lim et al., 2018) DNA in meconium and amniotic fluid, the interpretation of these data is contentious due to underlying contamination issues.
It is now well accepted that laboratory reagents, including nucleic acid extraction kits and PCR master mix reagents, harbor lows levels of bacterial DNA (Salter et al., 2014). While this contamination is not a major issue for studies of highly colonized samples such as adult feces, it becomes an important issue when working with low biomass samples such as the meconium and amniotic fluid. For example, the presence of bacteria and bacterial DNA in the placenta has previously been reported using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole genome sequencing, culture, and staining/microscopy (Stout et al., 2013; Aagaard et al., 2014; Cao and Mysorekar, 2014; Zheng et al., 2015; Bassols et al., 2016; Collado et al., 2016; Gomez-Arango et al., 2017; Parnell et al., 2017). However, issues around contamination and interpretation of low-biomass data remain, with several studies finding that the placental ?microbiome? is indistinguishable from negative controls (Lauder et al., 2016; Hornef and Penders, 2017; Leiby et al., 2018; Theis et al., 2019). This is a significant consideration as bacteria entering the intra-amniotic space would necessarily pass through the placenta or the extra-placental membranes."
"It has long been assumed that the human fetus is sterile. Over the last decade new data have emerged to challenge this dogma. However, these ideas are still controversial and there is disagreement amongst perinatal and microbiological researchers as to whether the human microbiome is seeded prior to birth. While numerous studies have reported the detection of bacterial (Mshvildadze et al., 2010; Gosalbes et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2013; Moles et al., 2013; Ardissone et al., 2014; Hansen et al., 2015; Chu et al., 2016, 2017; Collado et al., 2016; Nagpal et al., 2016; Urushiyama et al., 2017; Wampach et al., 2017; Lim et al., 2018; Shi et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018), archaeal (Wampach et al., 2017), fungal (Wampach et al., 2017), and viral (Lim et al., 2018) DNA in meconium and amniotic fluid, the interpretation of these data is contentious due to underlying contamination issues.
It is now well accepted that laboratory reagents, including nucleic acid extraction kits and PCR master mix reagents, harbor lows levels of bacterial DNA (Salter et al., 2014). While this contamination is not a major issue for studies of highly colonized samples such as adult feces, it becomes an important issue when working with low biomass samples such as the meconium and amniotic fluid. For example, the presence of bacteria and bacterial DNA in the placenta has previously been reported using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole genome sequencing, culture, and staining/microscopy (Stout et al., 2013; Aagaard et al., 2014; Cao and Mysorekar, 2014; Zheng et al., 2015; Bassols et al., 2016; Collado et al., 2016; Gomez-Arango et al., 2017; Parnell et al., 2017). However, issues around contamination and interpretation of low-biomass data remain, with several studies finding that the placental ?microbiome? is indistinguishable from negative controls (Lauder et al., 2016; Hornef and Penders, 2017; Leiby et al., 2018; Theis et al., 2019). This is a significant consideration as bacteria entering the intra-amniotic space would necessarily pass through the placenta or the extra-placental membranes."