molly50 skrev 2015-04-30 09:52:46 följande:
Och hur kan du veta det?
Du vet att p-piller kan göra att man blir torr i slemhinnorna,blir av med sexlusten osv även som kvinna?
Vi riskerar även att få blodproppar och samlar på oss vätska i kroppen vilket gör att man sväller och inte känner sig så attraktiv alla gånger.
Ändå så förväntas vi stoppa i oss det.
Veta vad?
Det finns väldigt mycket dokumenterad forskning tillgänglig för allmänheten. Det finns inga piller som har fått ett marknadsgodkännande, i Sverige är det Läkemedelsverket som ger sådana tillstånd, eller Europeiska läkemdelsmyndigheten, EMA(en EU myndighet). Det tar många år att forska fram nya droger och det kostar väldigt mycket, det är inte så ovanligt att det handlar om uppåt 500 miljoner USD att ta ett nytt läkemedel fram till fas 3 studier, de flesta nya preparaten når aldrig marknaden, men kostar läkemedelsbolagen enorma summor, utan att då i slut endan generera intäkter.
För att ta ett exempel så brukar AstraZenicas prognoser för nya läkemedel ligga på mellan 10-20 år, 10 år om dom har flyt. De kliniska testerna, på mänskliga patienter kan ta uppåt 10 år. Utan fas 1,2 och 3 studier ger i regel inte läkemedelsverket ett marknadsgodkännande.
En sammanfattning av läget just nu, på ett ungefär...
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Gossypol, an extract of cotton, has been studied as a male contraceptive pill. It decreased sperm production; however this is permanent in 20% of people.
Inhibition of chromatin remodeling by binding to a pocket on BRDT has been shown to produce reversible sterility in male mice. JQ1, a selective BRDT inhibitor which acts in this manner, is currently under development as a non-hormonal male contraceptive drug. It effectively blocks the production of sperm by the testes, and lacks the adverse effects of previously researched hormonal contraceptives for men.
Immunocontraception targeting sperm antigens has been found to be effective in male primates.
Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine may cause reversible infertility by altering the lipid metabolism of sperm so that they are not able to fertilize an egg. Recent Research at Israel's Bar-Ilan University show that such a pill may be five years away. Testing it on mice has been found to be effective, with no side effects.
A compound that interferes with the vitamin A pathway has been shown to render male mice sterile for the course of the treatment without affecting libido. Once taken off the compound, the mice continued to make sperm. The mechanism of action includes blocking the conversion of vitamin A into its active form retinoic acid which binds to retinoic receptors which is needed to initiate sperm production. This can be done, for instance, by blocking an aldehyde dehydrogenase called RALDH3 (ALDH1A2), which converts retinaldehyde into retionic acid in testes. Past attempts to do this failed because the blocking compounds were not sufficiently specific and also blocked other aldehyde dehydrogenases, such as those responsible for the alcohol metabolism, causing serious side effects. Another way is blocking retionic receptors themselves, although it can also have serious side effects.
Adjudin, a non-toxic analog of lonidamine has been shown to cause reversible infertility in rats. The drug disrupts the junctions between nurse cells (Sertoli cells) in the testes and forming spermatids. The sperm are released prematurely and never become functional gametes. A new targeted delivery mechanism has made Adjudin much more effective.
Gamendazole, a derivative of lonidamine, shows semi-reversible infertility in rats. The mechanism of action is thought to be disruption of Sertoli cell function, resulting in decreased levels of inhibin B.
Multiple male hormonal contraceptive protocols have been developed. One is a combination protocol, involving injections of Depo-Provera to prevent spermatogenesis, combined with the topical application of testosterone gel to provide hormonal support. Another is a monthly injection of testosterone undecanoate, which recently performed very well in a Phase III trial in China.
Research has been performed on interference with the maturation of sperm in the epididymis.
Phenoxybenzamine has been found to block ejaculation, which gives it the potential to be an effective contraceptive. Studies have found that the quality of the semen is unaffected and the results are reversible by simply discontinuing the treatment
