Ändrar så det är lättare att se.
Intra-uterine Devices (IUD/IUS) (All) = Spiraler
Reliability* 99%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: Longevity
Low side effect profile
High initial cost, (gäller Hormonspiral) but low when averaged out over lifespan of device.
Obs: Kopparspiral är gratis!
Cons: Recommended principally for women in monogamous relationships.
Can be expelled or become disloged.
Not recommended for women with fibroids.
• ParaGard (Copper T) IUD = Kopparspiral
ParaGard can remain in place for up to 10 years.
Fertility usually resumes immediately upon removal.
Can be accompanied by increase in volume and duration of menstrual flow.
• Mirena IUS = Levonova Hormonspiral
Mirena can remain in place for 5 years.
Possible delay in return of fertility once Mirena is removed.
Releases levonorgestrel (LNg), a synthetic progestin, just in uterus.
Reduces menstrual volume in time but spotting can occur in initial 6–12 months.
May cause benign (godartade) ovarian cysts.
Can rarely cause hormonal side effects similar to those seen with oral birth control pills,
such as mood swings, breast tenderness, headaches, and acne.
Sterilization (All)
Reliability* >99%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros/Cons: Surgical risks
Permanence
Cost-effective over time
These methods can in
some (few) cases be reversed, depending on method and individual
• Tubal ligation = Tubal ligation immediately effective.
• Vasectomy = Vasectomy not immediately effective;
it may take months before full sterility is achieved.
Hormonal Methods
• Birth control pills (Oral contraceptive pills - BCP's/OCP's)
Options include:
-- 20–35-mcg combined pills
-- Regular or extended-cycle use pills
-- Pills with shortened pill-free interval option
-- Progestin-only ‘mini-pills'
Reliability* 95–99%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: High rate of efficacy.
Relatively convenient.
Multiple options available.
Regulates menstrual cycle.
Decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, endometriosis, PID.
Cons: Undesirable risk and side effect profile in some women.
Not affordable for all women.
Drug interactions.
• Vaginal ring (NuvaRing)
Reliability ~99%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros/Cons: Same as w/BCP's, above
Other advantages: Privacy
Use allows for more normal vaginal moisture and flora,
reducing yeast infections for some women.
Protection from pregnancy one month at a time.
Other disadvantages: Contraindicated with certain pelvic conditions,
e.g., prolapse, endometriosis, susceptibility to irritation, etc.
• Transdermal birth control patch (Ortho Evra) =P-plåster
Reliability ~99% (less reliable for women >198 lb)
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros/Cons: Similar to those of BCP's, as above,
except exposure to synthetic estrogen is ~60% higher,
with resultant higher risk profile for thromboembolic events = Högre risker!
• Depo-Provera injection = P-spruta
Reliability 99.7%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros/Cons: Same as w/BCP's, above
Other advantages: Effective 24 hr following injection.
Other disadvantages: Side effects can be significant and long-lasting,
including reduction in bone density, depression, and weight gain.
+ kan ta ett år innan ägglossningen återkommer!
• Contraceptive implants = P-stavar
Reliability: 99%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: Longevity: Different systems last from 3-5 yrs.
Fertility returns relatively quickly.
Cons: Can be difficult to remove. (och att sätta)
Potential for scarring.
Side effects can in some cases be significant and long-lasting.
Barrier Methods
• Male condom
Reliability: 87–98%
Protection against HIV/STD's? Yes, except for STI's contracted from genital areas not covered*
Pros: Convenience and availability.
Multiple options.
Inexpensive
Allows greater male partner participation.
Cons: Reduced spontaneity.
Reduced sensation.
Some users experience allergies.
• Female condom = Kondom för kvinnor.
Reliability: 79–95%
Protection against HIV/STD's? Yes; only abstinence provides better protection*
Pros: Can be placed up to 8 hr in advance.
Good protection against STI’s.
Does not require fitting by health care practitioner.
Cons: Only 1 style currently available.
More costly than male condoms.
• Female cervical cap = FemCap (cervix-pessar)
Reliability: Varies: 68–91% (Effektivitet)
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: Can be inserted up to 6 hr in advance.
Very few side effects.
Several designs on market Obs! I Sverige finns endast ett slags cervixpessar= FemCap
Cons: Relatively low efficacy,
* especially in women who have given birth.
Some types require fitting by health care practitioner; limited to 4 sizes
Obs! I Sverige finns 3 storlekar (eller?)
Not widely available. Obs! Det är bara att beställa på hemsidan.
Some users experience allergies. Obs! I Sverige är båda pessaren av silikon vilka ytterst sällan ger upphov till allergi.
Spermicidal Methods = Spermiedödande Metoder
• Today Sponge = Spermiedödande Kuddar (finns i USA mfl länder, går att köpa på nätshops)
Reliability: 89–91**
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: Immediate and continuous protection for 24-hr period.
One size fits all and easy to insert.
Cons: Cost
Removal can be tricky for some
Some users experience sensitivities /allergies to spermicide
• Diaphragm with contraceptive jelly or foam. = Slidpessar med spermiedödande gel eller skum.
Reliability: 80–94% (I Sverige anges siffrorna 97-98% rätt använt,
det var iafl den info jag fick när jag började med metoden.)
Protection against HIV/STD's? Some. = Ger ett visst skydd mot sjukdomar.
Pros: Few side effects.
Can be inserted up to 6 hour in advance.
Can be used for intercourse during menses to collect flow.
= Kan användas under samlag vid mens då det samlar upp blodet.
Cons: May reduce spontaneity.
Requires fitting/periodic refitting.
Some users experience allergies. Obs! Milex-pessaret är i silikon vilket i stort sett aldrig
ger upphov till allergi.
Some consider method to be “messy”.
• Vaginal contraceptive film, foam, inserts. = Spermiedödande film. skum, vagitorier.
Reliability: 74–94%; efficacy maximal when used in conjunction with barrier method.
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: Readily available.
Relatively inexpensive.
Lubrication.
Cons: No protection from STI’s/HIV infection.
Some users experience irritation and/or allergies.
“Messiness” factor.
Must be inserted within an hour before intercourse.
Fertility Awareness Methods (FAM): = Naturliga familjeplanerings-metoder:
Examples:
• Basal Body Temperature (BBT)
• Sympto-thermal
• Billings Ovulation
• "Rhythm"
Reliability: 88–98%
Protection against HIV/STD's? No
Pros: Zero health risks or side effects.
Enhances body awareness and partner intimacy.
Inexpensive.
Cons: Requires significant partner education, cooperation, and daily attention.
Relatively high failure rate.
Not ideal in perimenopause years or for women with otherwise irregular cycles.